concepts

Antibiotics are chemical substances that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria, revolutionizing modern medicine and drastically reducing deaths from bacterial infections.

A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape.

Buddhism is a major world religion and philosophical tradition founded in ancient India by Siddhartha Gautama, emphasizing the path to liberation from suffering through ethical conduct, meditation, and wisdom.

A revolutionary gene-editing technology that allows precise modification of DNA sequences in living organisms, derived from a natural bacterial immune system.

Calculus, originally called infinitesimal calculus, is a branch of mathematics focused on limits, derivatives, integrals, and infinite series, forming the foundation for studying continuous change.

Capitalism is an economic system based on private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit, characterized by competitive markets, wage labor, and capital accumulation.

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms, encoding genetic instructions for development, functioning, growth, and reproduction.

A system of collective decision-making and government in which power is vested in the people, exercised either directly or through elected representatives.

A global system of interconnected computer networks utilizing the Internet protocol suite to link devices worldwide.

Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence focused on developing algorithms that enable computers to learn from and make predictions or decisions based on data, without being explicitly programmed.

Photosynthesis is the biochemical process by which plants, algae, and certain bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, driving the majority of life on Earth.

A fundamental theory in physics that describes the physical properties of nature at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles.

An ancient Greek school of philosophy founded in Athens by Zeno of Citium, emphasizing virtue, reason, and emotional resilience.

A foundational scientific theory explaining the diversity of life through descent with modification driven by natural selection.

A fundamental framework in physics developed by Albert Einstein, comprising special relativity (1905) and general relativity (1915), which revolutionized the understanding of space, time, and gravity.

An international, interconnected system of public webpages and resources accessible via the Internet using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol.