Alexandria

• Islamic Caliphates · 1138 CE

  Saladin

  When Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub died in Damascus in 1193 CE, he left behind an empire that spanned Egypt, Syria, Yemen, and Upper Mesopotamia, yet he possessed so little personal wealth that he had given almost all of …

• Enlightenment and Revolutions

  abolitionism

  The global dismantling of slavery did not begin as a single, coordinated campaign, but rather as a centuries-long sequence of local ruptures and legal shifts. As early as 1315, France banned the practice within its borde…

• Mesoamerican Civilizations · 1367 CE

  Aztec Empire

  In the year 1428, out of the ashes of a civil war between the city of Azcapotzalco and its tributary provinces, three Nahua city-states forged a pact that would redefine the geography of Mesoamerica. Known to history as …

• West African Empires · 1280 CE

  Mansa Musa

  When the ninth ruler of the Mali Empire embarked on his pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 CE, he carried with him a fortune so vast that it permanently altered the economies of the lands he crossed. Mansa Musa, who ruled from …

• Delhi Sultanate and Mughal · 1542 CE

  Akbar

  Born in the desert refuge of a Hindu Rajput fortress while his exiled father fled military defeat, Jalal-ud-Din Muhammad Akbar spent his childhood in Kabul learning to hunt, run, and fight rather than read or write. Yet …

• Imperial China · 624 CE

  Wu Zetian

  For more than four decades, the entire machinery of the Chinese empire turned on the ambition of a single woman who began her rise as a teenage imperial concubine. Wu Zetian, born Wu Zhao in 624 CE, maneuvered her way fr…

• Medieval Europe

  Battle of Hastings

  The death of the childless English king Edward the Confessor in January 1066 set off a violent scramble for the crown that culminated on a single, bloody Saturday that autumn. Having just marched north to destroy a Norwe…

• Andean Civilizations · 1738 CE

  Túpac Amaru II

  In the autumn of 1780, a wealthy indigenous nobleman and muleteer named José Gabriel Condorcanqui Noguera took a step from which there was no turning back. A direct descendant of the last Inca of Vilcabamba, he had spent…

• Early Modern Europe · 1500 CE

  Age of Discovery

  The impulse to sail beyond the horizon transformed a fragmented planet into a single, interconnected world-system, binding previously isolated civilizations together for the first time. Beginning in the fifteenth century…

• East African Civilizations · 1420 CE

  Buganda

  On the shores of the great inland sea of Nalubaale, the kingdom of Buganda took shape in a land of small green, flat-topped hills, nurtured by reliable equatorial rains and exceptionally fertile, resilient soils. Unified…

• Korean Kingdoms · 18 BCE

  Baekje

  In 18 BCE, a queen named Soseono left the northern kingdom of Goguryeo, taking her sons Biryu and Onjo south to the Han River basin to carve out a new destiny. Her son Onjo founded a settlement known as Wiryeseong, in th…

• Mesopotamian Civilizations · 2334 BCE

  Akkadian Empire

  Before the twenty-fourth century BCE, the Mesopotamian world was a fractured mosaic of rival city-states, each guarding its own temples and sovereignty. That ancient order shattered around 2334 BCE when Sargon of Akkad d…

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• Akbarperson · 1542 CE
• Bronze Age collapseevent · 1200 BCE
• Hannibalperson · 247 BCE
• Hatshepsutperson · 1507 BCE
• Mansa Musaperson · 1280 CE
• Murasaki Shikibuperson · 970 CE
• Saladinperson · 1138 CE
• Songhai Empireplace · 1464 CE
• Túpac Amaru IIperson · 1738 CE
• Wu Zetianperson · 624 CE
• Abbasid Caliphateevent · 750 CE
• Abu Bakr al-Raziperson · 866 CE
• Achaemenid Empireevent · 550 BCE
• Acreplace · 1500 BCE
• Age of Discoveryevent · 1500 CE
• Akhenatenperson · 1400 BCE
• Akkadian Empireevent · 2334 BCE
• Alexander the Greatperson · 356 BCE
• Alexandriaplace · 331 BCE
• American Revolutionevent · 1765 CE
• Angkor Watplace · 1200 CE
• Anna Komneneperson · 1083 CE
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• Aristotleperson · 384 BCE
• Ashanti Empireevent · 1670 CE
• Ashokaperson · 304 BCE
• Ashurbanipalperson · 685 BCE
• Assyrian Empireevent · 2025 BCE
• Atahualpaperson · 1500 CE
• Atlantic slave tradeevent
• Attilaperson · 0 CE
• Augustusperson · 63 BCE
• Aurangzebperson · 1618 CE
• Averroesperson · 1126 CE
• Avicennaperson · 980 CE
• Ayutthaya Kingdomevent · 1350 CE
• Aztec Empireevent · 1367 CE
• B. R. Ambedkarperson · 1891 CE
• Baburperson · 1483 CE
• Babylonplace · 3000 BCE
• Baekjeevent · 18 BCE
• Baghdadplace · 762 CE
• Bantu peopleorganization
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• Belisariusperson · 505 CE
• Belle Époqueevent · 1871 CE
• Benin Empireevent · 1170 CE
• Black Deathevent · 1346 CE
• Borobudurplace · 800 CE
• Buddhismorganization
• Bugandaevent · 1420 CE
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• Byzantine Empireevent · 395 CE
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• Cairoplace · 969 CE
• Cambyses IIperson · 559 BCE
• Cao Caoperson · 155 CE
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• Carthageplace · 900 BCE
• Catherine II of Russiaperson · 1729 CE
• Cetshwayo kaMpandeperson · 1826 CE
• Champaevent · 192 CE
• Chandragupta IIperson · 400 CE
• Chandragupta Mauryaperson · 340 BCE
• Charlemagneperson · 748 CE
• Charles Darwinperson · 1809 CE
• Chimorevent · 900 CE
• Chola dynastyevent · 300 BCE
• Christianityconcept · 33 CE
• Cleopatraperson · 69 BCE
• Cold Warevent · 1945 CE
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• Confuciusperson · 551 BCE
• Constantine the Greatperson · 272 CE
• Constantinopleplace · 330 CE
• Constanțaplace · 300 BCE
• Cook Islandsplace · 1965 CE
• Crazy Horseperson · 1849 CE
• Crow Nationorganization
• Cuauhtémocperson · 1495 CE
• Cyrus the Greatperson · 600 BCE
• Darius Iperson · 550 BCE
• Delhi Sultanateevent · 1206 CE
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• Donghak Peasant Revolutionevent · 1894 CE
• Dutty Boukmanperson · 1800 CE
• Eli Whitneyperson · 1765 CE
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• Emperor Gaozu of Hanperson · 256 BCE
• Empress Dowager Cixiperson · 1835 CE
• Empress Myeongseongperson · 1851 CE
• Ethiopian Empireevent · 1270 CE
• Fall of Constantinopleevent · 1453 CE
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• Islamconcept · 631 CE
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• Jainismorganization · 500 BCE
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• Jawaharlal Nehruperson · 1889 CE
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• Kalinga Warevent · 262 BCE
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• Kamehameha Iperson · 1800 CE
• Kamehameha IIperson · 1797 CE
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• Kanishkaperson · 78 CE
• Karl Marxperson · 1818 CE
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• Kingdom of Aksumevent · 400 BCE
• Kingdom of Hawaiʻiorganization · 1795 CE
• Kingdom of Kongoevent · 1395 CE
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• Kingdom of Portugalevent · 1139 CE
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• Kongo peopleorganization
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• Laoziperson · 600 BCE
• Leonardo da Vinciperson · 1452 CE
• Little Ice Ageevent · 1303 CE
• Lobengulaperson · 1845 CE